فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Inefficient urban fabrics, characterised by structural decay, fragmented land tenure, inadequate infrastructure, and socio-economic marginalisation, represent one of the most pressing urban governance challenges of the twenty-first century. In Iran, more than 166,000 hectares of urban land equivalent to 23 per cent of the national urban area are classified as Inefficient , rendering conventional, top-down redevelopment strategies both financially unsustainable and institutionally inadequate. This study proposes an operational model for land re-adjustment (LRA) within Inefficient urban fabrics in eastern zone of Zanjan city, grounded in the principles of physical development and validated through a participatory Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). The research adopts an analytical–applied design; data were gathered through documentary and library methods and assessed qualitatively. Drawing on a systematic review of theoretical layers, twenty-one initial factors were extracted and subjected to four sequential Fuzzy Delphi rounds with a fifteen-member expert panel. Successive rounds applied escalating consensus thresholds (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 on a five-point Likert scale), reducing the factor set from 21 to 18, 15, 13, and finally confirming 13 indicators as the proposed model. Consensus was verified by Kendall's coefficient of concordance, which reached 0.792 in the final round. Findings indicate that spatial organisation (4.17), urban fabric connectivity (4.15), street permeability (4.25), and ownership rate (4.25) exert the highest influence on the proposed LRA model. The study concludes that the integration of physical development principles with participatory land management instruments constitutes a strategically viable path toward sustainable urban regeneration in Iranian mid-size cities.