فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Background: Vaccination is a routine procedure that can induce pain and discomfort in infants, highlighting the need for effective pain management strategies.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of aromatherapy using breast milk and rose water on pain levels and physiological responses in infants following pentavalent vaccination.Methods: This triple-blind randomized controlled trial involved 111 infants recruited from health centers in Khorramabad, Iran, between 2021 and 2022. Eligible participants were two months old, exclusively breastfed, and had dry diapers prior to vaccination. Using stratified block random sampling, infants were assigned to one of three groups: one receiving breast milk aromatherapy, another receiving rose water aromatherapy, and a control group. Aromatherapy was administered by placing a cotton ball containing five drops of either breast milk or rose water near the infant for one minute before and three minutes after the pentavalent vaccination. Pain intensity was measured using the Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS), while pulse rate and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were monitored through pulse oximetry. Crying duration was recorded with a stopwatch. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square tests, paired t-tests, repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc tests.Results: Both intervention groups exhibited significantly lower MBPS scores and shorter crying durations compared to the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the rose water group demonstrated significantly higher SpO₂ levels than the other groups (P<0.05). However, no significant differences in pulse rate changes were observed among the groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Aromatherapy using both breast milk and rose water effectively alleviated pain and reduced crying duration in infants undergoing pentavalent vaccination. Notably, rose water is particularly recommended for mitigating vaccination-induced pain in infants.