فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Based on Nagel's moral education and in the shadow of Foucault's criticism of liberalism and neoliberalism, this research has done a critical analysis of the positive thinking discourse in order to get out of the order of the neoliberal positivist discourse as well as to clarify the invisible aspect of positive thinking in these two forms of governmentality. The results show that positive thinking was born under the influence of the political economy discourse of liberalism and exploited as a technology in the era of neoliberalism. Neoliberalism transformed the concept of political economy into the science of economics, which talked about what should or should not be done and produced the subject of the self-entrepreneur. This subject invests in himself through consumption and produces his satisfaction. The double illusion of freedom and precarity that is deliberately applied by the government are the main factors in the construction of this subject. Moreover, the of positive thinking discourse in the form of cruel optimism plays the main role in not giving up on this subject, regardless of the fact that his dreams are destroyed in the wave of precarity.  In fact, it can be sad that this discourse is not only a deviation from the ethics of altruism but also a kind of unethical exploitation of the self-entrepreneur. Finally, this study proposes Nagel's moral theory as an alternative to get rid of the desires created by the discourse of positive thinking and to monitor the subjectivity, as well as to replace the manufactured desires with conscious.