فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Background: Tardive dystonia is a late-onset movement disorder that may occur after prolonged exposure to dopamine receptor-blocking agents, particularly antipsychotics. It can impair quality of life and reduce adherence to treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of tardive dystonia and associated clinical factors among psychiatric patients presenting with late-onset movement disorders. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in psychiatric referral settings in Yazd, Iran, during 1401 - 1402. Using census sampling, we included 40 adult psychiatric patients with late-onset drug-induced movement complications. A neuropsychiatrist evaluated the patients based on psychiatric history, clinical examination, DSM-5 criteria, and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). Cases were classified as tardive dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, or an overlapping presentation. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: Among the 40 participants, tardive dystonia was identified in 6 patients (15.0%; 95% CI: 5.7 - 29.8%), tardive dyskinesia in 33 patients (82.5%; 95% CI: 67.2 - 92.7%), and overlapping features in 1 patient (2.5%; 95% CI: 0.1 - 13.2%). All patients with tardive dystonia in this sample were male. Tardive dystonia was also observed more frequently among patients with schizophrenia. Conclusions: Tardive dystonia was present in a minority of patients and was more prominent in men and individuals with schizophrenia. Continuous monitoring of these patients and attention to potential risk factors may facilitate early diagnosis and effective management of this complication.