فهرست نشریات علمی دسترسی آزاد ایران

Background: Accurate characterization of benign and malignant ovarian cancers plays a critical role in decision making about the therapeutic strategy, treatment monitoring, and could highly affect the treatment outcome. In this context, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE-) MRI has evolved into a helpful imaging technique in distinguishing complex adnexal masses by providing noninvasive and quantitative biomarkers of tumor progression. Reliable prediction of malignancy in complex adnexal masses depends on proper selection of quantitative DCE-MRI descriptive parameters and their cutoff points, which the latter is commonly carried out by threshold criteria. Objectives: In this work, we exploited an unsupervised, non-parametric clustering algorithm, which does not require any prior or expert knowledge about the thresholds to select the optimal predictor parameters, followed by introducing a classification decision-tree for accurate differentiation of malignant from benign ovarian tumors. Results: The box-and-whisker plots for TTP, SImax, WIR, and IAUC60 for both benign and malignant tumors were shown. TTP and WIR parameters led to none and small overlaps between enhancement characteristics of benign and malignant tumors, respectively, suggesting their reliability in distinguishing cancer types. The sensitivity and specificity of each parameter in diagnosing malignancy in complex ovarian cancers are summarized. As it can be inferred, WIR parameter returns a sensitivity of 100% in distinguishing malignant tumors (both before and after registration), and TTP produces the best specificity in comparison with SImax and IAUC60 parameters. In several studies, the early enhancement (TTP) is confirmed to be an indication of malignancy, and WIR is shown to be correlated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Also, it can be observed that registration can significantly improve the outcome of tumor characterization, in the sense that the parameters would become more reliable to characterize the cancer malignancy. In view of these results, WIR and TTP were combined to develop a decision tree for classification of malignant from benign tumors, which generated promising results on the data with 95% of accuracy before and 100% after registration. Conclusions: This result recommends that optimizing the decision approach could compensate for misalignment of data, which is essentially important when proper registration software is not available or feasible in a clinical diagnosis setting. In conclusion, we proposed a decision tree classifier developed through an unsupervised clustering approach, which is unbiased to the threshold values of the parameters and provides a more flexible framework for increasing the positive prediction rate for distinguishing malignant from benign complex ovarian tumors.